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Abstract
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Introduction: While sensory processing differences are most common in ASD, they can also be observed in other mental disorders.
Aim: To evaluate the sensory profile in children of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) and to clinically examine possible endophenotypal relationships.
Method: The study included 4-18 years old offspring of adults with SCH, OCD and BPD. 4 groups were included: 36 offspring each of individuals with SCH, OCD, BD, and 36 healthy controls. Psychiatric interviews were conducted according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were assessed with the K-SADS-PL-DSM-5. Adults were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-5/CV) and screened for ASD with the Autism Spectrum Questionnaire (AQ). Sensory processing was assessed using the Sensory Profile (SP) and the Adolescent Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). ASD screening was performed using the Modified Early Childhood Autism Screening Scale (M-CHAT) at 48-72 months and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) at 6-18 years of age. The severity of the disorder was determined by applying the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to children and youth in the at-risk group. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was confirmed using ADOS-2.
Results: Sensory atypicalities were found in adults with SCH, BPD, and OCD compared to controls. Sensory differences were also observed in children aged 4-10 years of adults with SCH, BPD, and OCD compared to the control group. No differences were found between the groups in the AASP questionnaire completed by adolescents.
Conclusion: Cases with a parental diagnosis of SCH, BPD, OCD should be examined in detail in terms of neurodevelopmental disorders and sensory complaints. Based on the results of our study, we recommend early intervention and long-term follow-up of children with parents who have a history of high-risk psychiatric disorders.
Key words: autism spectrum disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar
disorder, sensory profile; child and adolescent
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