The growth of social activities for women in Iran has had a two-sided outcome for women. The worst,the women have encountered the phenomenon of prison which is a great problem in traditional and Islamic societies. The change of role expectations after the release from prison has imposed many restrictions on women so that there is not any vivid future for them. Lack of enough education and skill has deprived the prisoner women from retaining their pre-prison situation .The high number of suicide among prisoner women shows that subculture of encountering with prisoned women in Islamic societies is based on sin approach in that the women are sinners who will be sent to hell in the other world and they must see the punishment of their sin to be ready for the extreme heat. Disinterestedness in the interaction with other people and loving isolation are two characteristics of style life for these women. The efforts of authorities to return these women to normal life ,unfortunately, have failed to work. This paper investigates the reasons and roots of exclusion for prisoner women in Iran and Islamic societies

Authors:
Sarah L Rowe (presenting)¹ PhD, Krisna Patel² MSc, Rebecca S French³ PhD, Claire Henderson4, MRCPsych, PhD, Dennis Ougrin5 MD, PhD, Mike Slade6 PhD, Paul Moran7 MD, PhD

¹Division of Psychiatry, University College London
²Department of Psychosis, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
³Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
4Health Service and Population Research Department, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
5Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
6School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham
7 Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol

Introduction:
Decision-aids (DA) have been shown to increase knowledge, encourage more active participation in decision-making and lower levels of decisional conflict (O'Connor, Rostom et al, 1999). We have developed a novel web-based DA designed to help young people get support for their self-harm. A feasibility trial was conducted to test the acceptability and gather descriptive data on outcome measures.

Methods:
Young people aged 12-18 years were recruited from a secondary school in London, England and screened for self-harm. Those that reported self-harming behaviour in the past year were randomised to either 1) the control condition whereby they received general information about mood and feelings or 2) the experimental condition where they completed the DA and received help-seeking options based on their personal responses. Participants were followed-up at 4 weeks. Qualitative interviews were conducted after follow-up with a subset of participants, to evaluate and explore the young person’s experience of the study and the (potential) effects of the DA.
 
Results:
Parental consent was a major barrier to recruitment in this study. Twenty-three young people aged 12-18 years were randomised to receiving the DA (n=10) or the control group (n=13). The DA was found to be acceptable to participants and they would recommend it to other young people who were self-harming. There were no differences in outcome measures between the groups at 4-week follow-up. Qualitative interviews suggest that the DA increased young people's awareness of different sources of support, encouraged self-reflection and reduced shame and stigma associated with disclosing.

Conclusions:
Issues around parental consent made the population level screening process unfeasible in this study. Changing the consent process may be necessary in order to assess the potential effectiveness of the DA in a future clinical trial, and (more broadly) to engage young people that self-harm with research. The balance of protection arrangements for vulnerable populations and the ability to conduct research of a sensitive nature within an adolescent population, requires ongoing debate.

References:
O'Connor,A. M., A. Rostom, V. Fiset, J. Tetroe, V. Entwistle, H. Llewellyn-Thomas, M. Holmes-Rovner, M. Barry and J. Jones (1999). "Decision aids for patients facing health treatment or screening decisions: systematic review." BMJ 319(7212): 731-734.

Aims: To explore the turning point of first-time Thai adolescent mothers who returned to school during childrearing.
Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken to investigate the turning point in transitional stage of adolescent mothers who returned to school while engaged in childrearing. In-depth interviews were carried out with the purposive selected. The participants were 20 adolescent mothers who were a mother and a student simultaneously after giving birth with a healthy baby no more than 2 years, and had undergone the experience of unplanned pregnancies during studies in Southern Thailand. The data were analyzed using content analysis method.
Findings: The study showed that the adolescent mothers contemplated about their schooling either discontinuing school or continuing school after getting pregnant. However, all of them came back to non-formal educational school after childbirth. The turning points to remain in or to return to school were fulfilling personal life-goals and fulfilling parents’ wishes.
Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used as an evidence for development of the policy to promote in all educational system to enable pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers to continue their education to get their life-long success in the future.

Keywords: Adolescent mothers, turning point, school

Background

Literature show the negative impact of low self-esteem on academic success of adolescents.

Objectives

Estimating of the level and correlations of self-esteem with academic success of adolescents.

Methodology

Its a quantitative cross-sectional study. Sample consisted from 1162 students of primary and secondary schools (Prizren, Prishtina, Mitrovica, Malisheva), aged 11-20 yrs (Mage=16.37, SD=1.58), male 47.4 % and female 52.6 %. Participants filled out Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Data processing was done with SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013.

Results

Based on self-reported success: with grade 1 (1.3 %), grade 2 (7.9 %), grade 3 (24.0 %), grade 4 (24.4 %), grade 5 (32.5 %) and no-reported (10 %). Based on self-esteem with low self-esteem was (59.8 %), with normal self-esteem was (40.2 %). No significant correlation is found between academic success and level of self-esteem. Gender (females +) is significantly positive correlated with academic success (p=.00). With Mann-Whitney test no significant difference is found in level of academic success between cases with low self-esteem and cases with normal self-esteem.

Conclusions

Self-esteem didn’t show to impact academic success. Other focused studies in this this field are needed to shed more light on topic. High percent of adolescents with low self-esteem is indicative for further researches of this psychological construct.

Introduction
Eritreans belong to one of the largest group of refugees in Switzerland coming from countries outside of Europe. Despite of life threatening circumstances and negative experiences during their flight Eritreans often show good factors of resilience.
Being confronted with even more post-migration challenges in the communities of their reception, they are often unable to activate their resources.

Methods
Currently, there are data of 65 outpatient Eritreans available, all between the age of 14 and 21 years (YSR, DISYPS, UCLA). The data were collected during the transcultural consultations. The refugees concerned are unaccompanied youths or young adults.

Results
So far clinical evaluation of the situation of Eritrean refugees is missing. Only very few patients show criteria of PTSD, though we find high levels of post-migration stress disorder correlating with the severity of PTSD and other symptoms.

Objectives: As a reaction to the increasing number of refugees arriving in Switzerland, additional refugee centers have been created and several institutions have set up additional services to assist the refugees. While a lot of attention has been directed towards the wellbeing of the refugees, the wellbeing of the caregivers has largely been neglected. We know from previous studies on child and youth welfare workers that they show many symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout as a result of challenging interactions with the children and adolescents and of being confronted with their burdened life-histories. The first aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of secondary traumatic stress and burnout symptoms among caregivers of refugees in Switzerland.
The study on child welfare workers also showed that stress symptoms were negatively associated with a higher sense of coherence and more self-caring behavior. Also, communication and support within the team as well as support from superiors were related to fewer stress symptoms. A second aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these associations among caregivers of refugees and to derive recommendations for promoting and maintaining the wellbeing of the caregivers.
Methods: A sample of caregivers of refugees in the larger area of Zurich is assessed based on questionnaires. The questionnaires address symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout as well as sense of coherence, self-care and work satisfaction. Also, the availability of supervision and vocational training is assessed.
Results: The incidence of secondary traumatic stress and burnout symptoms in caregivers of refugees will be reported. Associations with sense of coherence, self-care and work satisfaction as well as supervision and vocational training will be presented. The results will be compared to the results of our previous study on child and youth welfare workers.
Conclusions: Specific recommendations for promoting and maintaining the wellbeing of caregivers of refugees will be derived from the results.