Abstract
Most of the educational psychologists believe that co-education can help the young people to have their sexual instincts activated so that they could release their sexual emotions easily during puberty. In contrast, Islamic educational authorities in Iran strongly insist that children arriving elementary schools must be separated and the teachers and textbooks are chosen according to their sexes. Therefore, men are teaching in boys` schools and women in girls’ schools. There has been great effort to include men`s pictures in boys` textbooks to prevent from the sexual arousal. As there are not enough universities in the country, the university candidates are mixed in their classes and courses. This can bring flame to the ashes of hidden sexuality and involve the students in abnormal behaviours to control or suppress them. The conflict of interaction with the opposite sex in university with that in the family setting or even society has been proved to create depression among the first year students especially those coming from small and closed environments and rural settings. The statistics of referrals to the counselling office in the university show that self- involvement to control sexual instincts has been the great concern of the students. They spend most of their time thinking about their classmates of different sexes. This paper aims to study the psychological and social outcomes of suppressed instincts for young people having entered the university and the effect on marriage.

Objectives. According to Blatt’s theory on personality development, adolescents with high levels of self-criticism and dependency are more vulnerable to several types of psychopathology. Self-criticism refers to a preoccupation with self-definition, while dependency is characterized by an excessive concern about the recognition and approval of others. Although a large number of studies has already demonstrated associations between these personality dimensions and psychopathology, less is known about the intervening processes explaining this personality-based vulnerability. The goal of this study is to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind personality-related vulnerability for psychopathology by examining the role of need frustration, a concept central in Self-Determination Theory. We hypothesized that self-criticism and dependency would relate to an increased risk for problem behaviors because these personality dimensions engender frustration of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This study builds on a small number of studies that linked both theoretical frameworks. Methods. In this cross-sectional study 284 adolescents (58,5% female; mean age= 14,10; SD= 1,22) and their parents reported about the adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing problems. The adolescents also completed a survey assessing self-criticism, dependency, need satisfaction and need frustration. Results. We tested the hypothesized model using structural equation modeling. First, the results indicate that both self-criticism and dependency are significantly related to internalizing problems as well as to externalizing problems. Second, the analysis shows that need frustration fully explains the relationship between personality vulnerability and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms as measured in self-report and in parent-report. Finally, all three psychological needs are involved in the dynamics between personality and problem behavior. Overall, the study provides support for the hypothesized model. Conclusion. Self-criticism and dependency are important transdiagnostic risk factors for a wide variety of types of psychopathology in adolescents. This study suggests that psychological need frustration may play an important explanatory role in this personality-related vulnerability for psychopathology.

The main objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the psychosocial environment of a sample of Autochthonous adolescents and immigrants; Evaluating indicators of mental health and substance use in both groups.
Adolescents of immigrant origin are exposed to a more precarious psychosocial environment than their peers for socio-economic reasons, acculturation and perceived discrimination, which could pose a greater risk of compromising mental health and possible Use of substances in this minority group.
A Longitudinal cohort study with baseline data collection and follow-up at 6 and 18 months respectively is being implemented. A Randomized sample of adolescents (n > 300) between 12 and 18 years old has been collected in the cities of Barcelona and Alicante. The recruitment was done in collaboration with neighborhood community agencies, immigrant associations and schools. The information was collected in the families' homes by previously trained interviewers. The data collection questionnaire includes a Semi-structured interviews including Screening scales for the presence of psychopathology, self report interviews about substance abuse, and variables related to their psychosocial environment and demographic and housing variables (school environment, neighborhood characteristics, Age, gender, level of education, country of origin, legal status, family status, language knowledge, length of residence in Spain, housing characteristics etc.)
The results obtained will be presented for the first baseline evaluation and the first follow-up. An epidemiological description of the sample will be made and those variables that have been shown to be differentiating factors between the two groups of adolescents according to their origin will be reviewed.

Objectives
Retrospective studies in adults suggest that somatic complaints are increased following sexual assault. There is a lack of studies in adolescents.
We aim to describe the prevalence of somatic symptoms before and after sexual assault and the socio-demographic and psychiatric profile of the participants who experience somatic symptoms. A secondary aim is to assess if the characteristics of the assault have any impact on the somatic symptoms.

Methods
Prospective longitudinal observational cohort study assessed adolescents at T0(0-6 weeks post-assault) and T1(3-5 months post-assault) following attendance at the Sexual Assault Referral Centre in London. 94 females who did not have missing values in the “physical somatic symptoms item” at T0 and at T1 were included.
Descriptive data included demographics and details of the index offence. Psychological data were collected using validated scales: Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ), Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Self-Report for Childhood Anxiety Related Disorders and Development and Well-Being Assessment(DAWBA), Children’s Global Assessment Scale. Presence of somatic symptoms were assessed using the SDQ ítem “I get a lot of headaches, stomachaches or sickness”.
Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were performed between categorical variables, t-test and Mann Whitney-U test were carried out among continuous variables. To examine changes between T0 and T1, McNemar's test was used on paired categorical data.
The mediation analyses followed Baron and Kenny recommendations.

Results
The prevalence of somatic symptoms prior to sexual assault was 55.3%, and at T1 and increased significantly to 69.1%(p=0.035).
Participants with somatic symptoms(n=65) at T1 had signifiantly higher levels of PTSD(p=0.002), anxiety(p=0.002) and depressive(0.000) symptoms as well as more of the following disorders at T1: Generalised Anxiety Disorder(p=0.004), Major Depressive Disorder(p=0.02), Panic Disorder(p=0.026) and poorer adjustment(0.000) than participants without somatic symptoms(n=29).
Anxiety, depressive and PTSD symptoms might partially mediate the effects of violent sexual assault on somatic symptoms.

Conclusions
The prevalence of somatic symptoms increases after sexual assault. Participants with somatic symptoms at T1 are a vulnerable group with higher levels of psychiatric symptoms and disorders as well as poorer functional adjustment than participants without

Introduction: Unit for Adolescent Psychiatry is the only open general adolescent psychiatric department in Slovenia. As an 18-bed unit it admits patients with various types of psychopathology (from early-onset schizophrenia, developmental disorders, emotional disorders, to substance use and emerging personality disorders) and various levels of risk (from no risk of harm to self or others to acute suicidality or active non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI)) for diagnostic evaluation and treatment. The main treatment method is psychopharmacotherapy together with group- and individual-based psychodynamic psychotherapy, coupled with various other therapeutic modalities (psychodrama, occupational, art and social skills therapies, hospital school). The aim of the present study was to assess the differences between the admitted patients with and without NSSI and propose differential management programs accordingly.
Subjects and methods: Retrospective chart review was performed with the patients admitted to adolescent psychiatric unit from December 2015 to December 2016 extracting data on gender, duration of hospitalization, actual or past NSSI, suicidal behavior, admission and discharge SDQ (patient version), cGAS scores and ICD-10 diagnoses.
Results: In the one-year period 108 patients were admitted (73 females, 35 males), their average age was 16.9 years (SD 1.5), 95 patients filled out the SDQ on admission and 58 at discharge. Fifty patients (46.3%) ever engaged in NSSI, in 27 of these (54%) NSSI was present at admission. The patients with NSSI were on average younger (16.5 years vs 17.2 years, p<.05), more frequently female (86.0% vs 51.7%, p<.0001), had more frequent suicidal ideation (43.1% vs 72.0%, p<.005), history of attempted suicide (32.0% vs 7.0%, p<.005), and less favorable admission SDQ scores on overall stress (18.4 vs 15.3, p<.05), emotional distress (6.2 vs 5.2, p=.05), behavioral difficulties (2.4 vs 1.6, p<.01), kind and helpful behavior (7.1 vs 8.1, p.01), any disorder (1.3 vs 0.9, p<.05) and emotional disorder (1.2 vs 0.7, p<.05). There was a trend towards lower scores on all other SDQ scales, admission cGAS scores and the length of hospitalization for patients with NSSI, although these were not statistically significant.
Discussion: The data show higher levels of psychopathology in the group of patients with NSSI, who require specific levels of care and specific treatment methods.

To become an adult, to succeed in managing the transition of adolescence in order to be able, according to the classical definition, to "love and work", a major challenge for many young patients in the current context of liberal evolution of society and morals. A world marked by the explosion of means of communication and the dissemination of information. The resulting loss of benchmarks offers new freedom but also new risks.

How can we support them at best? Many therapeutic break-ups follow the transmission of young people from one practice to the next, or a first appointment in adult psychiatry. It would be tempting to conclude that child and adolescent psychiatrists are in a better position to carry out these treatments. Would it be judicious to extend their therapeutic prerogatives to 25 years? Or beyond?

Would there be no danger in doing so? The risk of stretching infinitely the process of adolescence? Many questions remain. Is there a definite end to adolescence? When does one become an adult? Does human development follow, on the contrary, an asymptote from puberty to death?

For some, a decisive step in adult development seems to take shape, a "post-adolescence", with specific tasks and challenges, a step that requires the adolescent process to settle at first. A step that includes the resumption and re-integration of identity questions and new representations born of puberty and during adolescence, culminating in an in-depth rethinking of psychological functioning, a fundamentally different, adult psyche.

Becoming an adult means to stop exploring in all directions, even if it means partially curbing creativity, drawing lessons from experience, renouncing omnipotence and devoting oneself to one’s choices. To stop dreaming our life, in order to live our dreams, at least in part. And mourning what will not come to pass.

At the Fondation de Nant, a child psychiatrist has been offered a position in the General Adult Psychiatric Clinic to take care of patients between 18 and 25 years of age. Indeed, we believe that working with young adults requires combining both approaches, because the tools specific to the care of adolescents allow us to initiate this work, however, adult psychiatry, by its more ready resort to the principle of reality, allows us to complement it. It is thus equally essential.